我国农产品电子商务的制约因素及对策研究

从我国农产品电子商务现状出发,分析了其存在的问题及制约因素,最后提出了相应的对策,即加强农村电子商务基础设施建设;完善相关法律法规,健全社会信用体系;培养现代农民和农产品电子商务人才;建立农产品物流配送体系。     

有关农产品冷链质量安全的国外理论研究综述

为了解决农产品冷链质量安全监管和控制中存在的问题,对国外学者从不同角度对农产品冷链质量安全做的大量研究的学术成果在阅读分析探讨的基础上进行归纳总结,为今后的研究提供方向和重点。     

西部地区农户金融需求及其影响因素的实证分析

以中国西部地区农户的借贷为基本研究对象,结合有关调查数据,分析了农户的信贷需求情况,并用Probit模型分析了西部地区农户金融需求的影响因素。分析表明：西部地区农户具有广泛的金融需求但从正规金融机构获得贷款的比例较低,其对利息具有一定的承受能力,借贷以短期、小额为主,用途兼有生活与生产性、但以生活性为主,借款未归还的比重较低。人口、劳动力、学生人数、劳动力平均年龄、劳动力最高受教育程度、家庭经营的土地面积、家庭收入、家庭储蓄水平、家庭收入来源、家庭距正规金融机构的距离、信用社是否对农户的评级、农户所在地是否存在有息借贷等指标,是影响西部地区样本农户是否具有金融需求的显著因素。     

农业产业化利益分配机制研究——以广东省为例

利益分配机制是农业产业化发展的关键和核心。文章立足于广东省农业产业化利益分配机制状况调查,从农业比较利益、龙头企业与农户的地位和权责利关系等方面研究了我国农业产业化利益分配机制中存在的问题及原因。文章认为,完善农业产业化利益分配机制应理顺农业与非农业关系、壮大龙头企业、强化契约管理、培育发展中介组织及建立风险机制。     

休闲农业发展的国际经验及其现实操作

休闲农业长期以来被认为是新型农业、农家乐、农业经营形态。由于理论上的误区和路径依赖的影响,休闲农业的发展存在一些问题,需要理论探索和创新。国内外休闲农业发展的经验和理论分析表明,休闲农业是一种旅游产品,按旅游产品的要求来设计和开发休闲农业,将是休闲农业实现科学发展的有效途径。     

森林认证背景下森林经营方案的编制

森林认证是创建现代国有林场的重要举措,开展森林认证的前提是具有与实际情况相符的森林经营方案。本文通过对10家已开展CFCC认证的国有林场进行调查研究,依据调查结果总结出林场在森林经营方案上普遍存在的7个潜在不符合项分别是:编制的质量、公众参与、年采伐量的控制、高保护价值森林、生态和社会影响的评估、林场职工培训制度以及森林经营方案实施的保障机制;经过对调查结果的深入剖析提出我国林场在开展森林认证时森林经营方案存在的不足,并给出相应的调整建议,以促进我国林场森林资源的可持续经营,推动林场森林认证工作的顺利展开。     

Why Farmers Quit: A County-Level Analysis

We identify the effects of alternative explanatory variables on the propensity of U.S. farmers to cease farming, with a particular emphasis on understanding the roles of off-farm employment and federal farm program payments. Conventional ordinary least squares analysis using all counties suggests that off-farm employment has no statistical effect on the (net) number of farmers quitting between 1987 and 1997, ceteris paribus . A more refined analysis, which separates counties losing farmers from those that gained farmers, reveals subtle and less clear-cut effects of off-farm employment (and federal program payments) on farm exits.     

Agricultural Policy Reform and Off‐farm Labour Decisions

Off‐farm labour decisions of a sample of Kansas farmers are evaluated. The central question of our analysis pertains to whether 1996 US farm policy reforms may have altered the decisions to work off the farm. The effects of policy decoupling on off‐farm labour are complex: different aspects of policy changes can have opposing effects on off‐farm work decisions. Essentially, this makes this issue an empirical question. Results show that the introduction of fixed, decoupled payments in 1996 might have reduced the likelihood of off‐farm labour participation. However, the new policy environment may have increased farm households’ revealed aversion to risk, motivating a higher participation in non‐farm labour markets. The effects of 1996 policy reforms on farm income variability could have been attenuated by changes in US crop insurance programmes and by an increase in emergency assistance payments towards the end of the 1990s. The reduction in price supports may have increased the motivation for working off the farm. The net effect of the overall reforms on off‐farm work participation is not likely to have been large.     

Effects of EU dairy policy reform for Dutch dairy farming: a primal approach using GMM estimation

This paper estimates a production function for milk using ageneralised method of moments estimator to avoid the endogeneityproblem. Using the first-order conditions for profit maximisation,the economic effects for individual Dutch dairy farms of the2003 EU dairy policy reform are analysed. With an expected milkprice decrease of 21 per cent, profit decreases on average by22 per cent. EU direct payments compensate for roughly 53 percent of this fall in profit. The profit reduction means that69 per cent of all small farms have negative income from farming,compared with 15 per cent in the initial situation.